Banjo Clocks
Summary:
Banjo clocks—an iconic American wall clock form patented by Simon Willard in 1802—are easily recognized by their distinctive elongated silhouette. Known for their elegant proportions, reverse-painted glass tablets, and weight-driven movements, banjo clocks blend fine craftsmanship with historic charm. Modern reproductions continue the tradition, though many original examples are highly collectible antiques.
Key Identifiers:
Distinctive “Banjo” Case Shape
A banjo clock case is divided into three major sections:
Round bezel (top) housing the dial
Long, narrow throat (middle)
Lower box or tablet (bottom), often hinged
Cases are typically crafted from mahogany, walnut, or other fine woods, with gilt accents and brass side arms.
Reverse-Painted Glass Tablets
One of the hallmark features:
Upper throat glass with decorative themes
Lower door glass with patriotic, classical, or scenic artwork
Traditional “eglomise” painting on glass using gold leaf and enamel
On many clocks, the lower tablet opens to access the pendulum bob.
Long Pendulum with Keystone Bob
The pendulum features:
A long rod extending into the lower box
A round brass bob visible through the glass tablet
Adjustable rating nut for time regulation
The pendulum’s slow swing contributes to the character of the clock.
Traditional or Modern Variants
Variants include:
Willard-style banjo clocks (classic, finely made)
Howard banjo clocks (more robust, often with larger dials)
Reproduction banjos with quartz movements
Shelf banjo clocks (compact versions)
Operational Guide:
Proper Mounting
Banjo clocks must be hung securely.
Mount on a sturdy wall stud or use heavy-duty anchors
Ensure the case hangs perfectly vertical
The weight must travel freely in its channel without obstruction
Improper mounting can cause the clock to stop or the weight to rub.
Step 1:
Installing the Pendulum
Open the lower tablet door
Hook pendulum onto the suspension leader
Confirm the rod is centered and not rubbing the throat case
Pendulum must swing freely and symmetrically
Step 2:
Hanging the Weight (If Equipped)
Access through the side or rear opening depending on design
Attach the weight to the cable or pulley
Ensure the weight lowers into its channel without touching the sides
Check that the pulley and cable are aligned properly
In traditional models a single weight powers the entire movement.
Step 3:
Starting the Clock
Gently push pendulum to start
Listen for an even tick–tock beat
If uneven, adjust the case left or right until beat stabilizes
Banjo clocks are sensitive to leveling and beat alignment.
Step 4:
Setting the Time
Move the minute hand forward only
Allow any auxiliary mechanisms (if present) to complete before advancing further
Never force the hands backward
The hour hand will reposition itself automatically
Step 5:
Winding
Banjo clocks typically use one winding arbor but may have more
Insert the key and wind slowly until resistance increases
Do not force the key
Wind fully every 7–8 days
Step 6:
Regulating the Time
Pendulum Bob Adjustment
Turn the rating nut beneath the bob
Raise bob → Speeds up
Lower bob → Slows down
Adjust in small increments
Check accuracy after 24 hours
Beat Adjustment
If ticking is uneven:
Shift entire clock slightly left or right
Ensure suspension is not twisted
Some clocks allow slight crutch adjustments inside the case
A properly set beat is essential for accurate running.
Step 7:
Routine Maintenance
Case & Glass Care
Clean glass carefully to avoid damaging reverse-painted artwork
Dust wood surfaces with a soft cloth
Avoid harsh cleaners or moisture near tablets
Movement Care
Service movement every 5–10 years
Keep the weight channel clean and unobstructed
Ensure cables and pulleys remain in good condition
Handling & Transport
Remove pendulum and weight before moving
Secure glass tablets with padding
Transport upright to avoid strain on case joints